mandolin-banjo
曼陀林-班卓琴是一种混合乐器，将班卓琴琴体与琴颈以及曼陀林的调音结合在一起。这是一把女高音班卓琴。它在多个国家独立发明，在英语国家被称为 mandolin-banjo、banjo-mandolin、banjolin 和 banjourine，在法国被称为 banjoline 和 bandoline，在土耳其被称为 Cümbüş。The mandolin-banjo is a hybrid instrument, combining a banjo body with the neck and tuning of a mandolin. It is a soprano banjo. It has been independently invented in more than one country, variously being called mandolin-banjo, banjo-mandolin, banjolin and banjourine in English-speaking countries, banjoline and bandoline in France, and the Cümbüş in Turkey.
该乐器的弦长度与曼陀林相同（约14英寸）；具有与小提琴和曼陀林相同调音的 4 个琴弦（从低到高：GDAE）。可移动的琴桥位于一个类似班卓琴的共鸣头上，直径通常为 10 英寸，目前通常由塑料制成。最初的头是用皮肤制成的，直径各异，小至五英寸。然而，较大的头部更受青睐，因为它们声音更大，因此在乐队环境中更容易听到。The instrument has the same scale length as a mandolin (about 14 inches); with 4 courses of strings tuned identically to the violin and mandolin (low to high: GDAE). The movable bridge stands on a resonant banjo-like head typically 10 inches in diameter and currently usually made of plastic. Originally heads were made of skin and varied in diameter to as small as five inches. Larger heads were favored, however, as they were louder, and thus more audible in band settings.
在电声放大之前的日子里，发明家们正在尝试制造放大仪器。1882 年，布鲁克林的本杰明·布拉德伯里 (Benjamin Bradbury) 获得了第一个曼陀林班卓琴专利。班卓林这个名称最初由 John Farris 于 1885 年申请专利。Inventors were experimenting to create amplified instruments in the days before electric amplification. The first patent for a mandolin-banjo was taken out in 1882 by Benjamin Bradbury of Brooklyn. The name banjolin was first patented by John Farris in 1885.
该乐器在 20 年代之前就已普及，当时次中音班卓琴变得更加流行。在曼陀林管弦乐团和班卓琴乐队的鼎盛时期（19世纪末至20世纪初），生产了各种各样的乐器。曼陀林班卓琴是由此产生的混合体之一。它使曼陀林演奏家能够发出班卓琴的声音，而无需学习该乐器的指法。该乐器将班卓琴的音量添加到曼陀林中。 The instrument was popularized prior to the 1920s, when the tenor banjo became more popular. In the heyday of mandolin orchestras and banjo bands (late 19th–early 20th century), all sorts of instruments were produced. The mandolin-banjo is one of the hybrids that resulted. It enabled mandolinists to produce a banjo sound without having to learn that instrument's fingerings. The instrument adds the banjo's volume to the mandolin.
班卓林与班卓曼陀林的不同之处在于它的琴弦数量。今天的班卓林应该有四根弦，而不是八根弦（成对或成对）。然而，这种区别并不具有普遍性。约翰·法里斯 (John Farris) 于 1885 年获得了一种 8 弦乐器的专利，并将其命名为班卓林 (banjolin)。法里斯班卓林 (Farris banjolin) 有女高音、中音、男高音和低音型号。然而，他“将其转换为四弦乐器”，保留了曼陀林和小提琴的音阶长度和调音（GDAE）。The banjolin is different from the banjo-mandolin in the number of strings that it has. Banjolins today are supposed to have four strings instead of 8 strings (in courses or pairs). However, that distinction is not universal; John Farris patented an instrument with 8 strings calling it a banjolin by name in 1885.The Farris banjolin was offered in soprano, alto, tenor, and bass models. However, he "converted it to a four-string instrument," maintaining the mandolin and violin scale length and tuning (GDAE).
班卓琴混合乐器的名称通常取自 Banjo- 前缀，然后是其他乐器名称的后半部分，例如班卓琴、班卓琴吉他和班卓琴尤克里里琴，这意味着班卓林是一种曼陀林/班卓琴混合体。在广告中，法里斯没有提及这个名字的来源，但确实说它“指法像小提琴”。在美国，“旋律班卓琴”一词通常用于四弦曼陀林班卓琴，它缺乏双弦乐器的爵士管弦乐音量，但避免了调音和泛音的问题。Banjo hybrids normally take their names from the Banjo- prefix, and then the second half of the other instrument's name, such as banjocello, banjo guitar, and banjo ukulele which implies the banjolin is a sort of mandolin/banjo hybrid. In the advertisement, Farris did not mention where the name came from, but did say that it was "fingered like the violin." In the United States, the term "melody banjo" was often used for four-string mandolin-banjos, which lacked the jazz-orchestra volume of the double-string instruments, but escaped their problems with tuning and overtones.
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